Grammar Topic
Conditionals: If Sentences
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Explanation
Conditionals express possible situations and their results. There are four main types.
Zero Conditional (If + present, present): general truths. 'If you heat water, it boils.'
First Conditional (If + present, will + base verb): real future situations. 'If it rains, I will stay home.'
Second Conditional (If + past, would + base verb): unreal present/future. 'If I won the lottery, I would travel.'
Third Conditional (If + past perfect, would have + past participle): unreal past. 'If I had studied, I would have passed.'
Mixed conditionals combine types: 'If I had studied medicine, I would be a doctor now.'
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Examples
Zero: If you heat water, it boils. If you mix red and blue, you get purple.
First: If it rains, I will take an umbrella. If you study, you will pass.
Second: If I had more money, I would buy a house. If I were you, I would apologize.
Third: If I had known, I would have helped. If she had left earlier, she would have arrived on time.
Mixed: If I had studied medicine, I would be a doctor now.
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Test Your Knowledge
Mini Quiz
1/ 2
Complete First Conditional: 'If it rains tomorrow, we ___ at home.'
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